GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide)

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring human peptide complex. It consists of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (GHK) bound to a copper ion (Cu2+). It is found in various bodily fluids, including plasma, and its concentration is known to decline significantly with age.

The peptide complex has multiple biological functions, acting primarily as a signaling molecule and a carrier for copper ions. By binding and transporting copper, it regulates copper homeostasis and facilitates its delivery to cells for use in critical enzymatic processes, such as those involved in antioxidant defense (e.g., superoxide dismutase) and connective tissue synthesis (e.g., lysyl oxidase).

GHK-Cu is most extensively studied for its role in wound healing, skin remodeling, and tissue regeneration. Research has shown that it can stimulate the synthesis of collagen, elastin, and other components of the extracellular matrix. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and promotes the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). More recent studies suggest that GHK-Cu can modulate the expression of a large number of human genes, potentially resetting them towards a more regenerative state.